{"id":5728,"date":"2013-08-30T12:38:34","date_gmt":"2013-08-30T12:38:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mustapha-almoutouakil.ma\/?p=5728"},"modified":"2013-08-30T12:38:34","modified_gmt":"2013-08-30T12:38:34","slug":"%d8%a5%d8%b4%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/?p=5728","title":{"rendered":"\u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u061f …\u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u0631 \u0642\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
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30\u063a\u0634\u062a 2013<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629: \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/b><\/h1>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0638 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) <\/span>modern<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629) \u0623\u0648 (\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631) <\/span><\/span>contemporary<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) \u0623\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 (\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645) (\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0638 (\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629) <\/span>modernity<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0638 (\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (\u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631). \u0648\u0645\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629) \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a <\/span><\/span>modernist<\/span><\/span>. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0640\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 <\/span>post-modernity<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>post<\/span><\/span> (\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f..) \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629)(5) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) <\/span><\/span>modernization<\/span><\/span> \u0643\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 – \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 (\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631)(6).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629.\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627 (\u0641\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627)(7).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a) <\/span>Totality<\/span><\/span>. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a) \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a <\/span>binary opposition<\/span><\/span>.. \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a <\/span>subject<\/span><\/span> (\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 <\/span><\/span>object<\/span><\/span> (\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629)… \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><\/span>a perceiving subject<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/span>active subject<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u060c 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(\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0624\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0631\u0643\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.)(10).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a) \u0623\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0637\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a). \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0627) \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0640\u0627 (\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0634\u0646\u0647 (\u0635\u0645\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062a\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646). \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062a). (\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a)\/ (\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a) \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639: \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629)(18).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a.. \u0643\u064a\u0641\u061f \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d (\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646) \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

1 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/span>a revolutionary process<\/span><\/span>: \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

2 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 <\/span>a complex process<\/span><\/span> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

3 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0629 <\/span>a systemic process<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

4 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span>a global process<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

5 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0629 <\/span>a lengthy process<\/span><\/span>: \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

6 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 <\/span>a phased process<\/span><\/span>: \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

7 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 <\/span>a homogenizing process<\/span><\/span>: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

8 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627 <\/span>an irreversible process<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

9 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span>a progressive process<\/span><\/span> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a(19).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a) \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646) \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 (\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0646\u062c\u062a\u0648\u0646) \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0632\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 (\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621) \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 (\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629)(20) \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b) \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u0647\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0650\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u063a\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a)(21).<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0649 (\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 <\/span>Post – historical<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629(27). \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0628\u0626 \u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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********************************<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a:<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

*) \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 1979\u0645\u060c \u0635189.<\/span><\/p>\n

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2- <\/span>– Antony flew, A Dictionary of philosophy, Macmillan press London, 1984, P6<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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3- \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (962)\u060c 2005\u0645\u060c \u063516-17.<\/span><\/p>\n

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4- <\/span>– Steren, M. Delue, political thinking, Allen Bacon, 1997. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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5- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0641\u0638 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b <\/span>modern<\/span> \u0641\u064a: <\/span>Oxford English Dictionary, 1989, P947- 48<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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6- <\/span>Habermas, j., the philosophical Discourse of modernity, P 2-3<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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7- <\/span>Autcheon, L., the polities of postmodernism London, Routledge, 1989, P2<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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8-<\/span>Awakes, D., Ideology, London, Rutledge 1996, P5<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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9- <\/span>Ibid., P11-12<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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10-<\/span> Nelson, B., on the road to modernity, in conscience, science and civilization, edit. by toby, E. AUFF, Roman & little field, 1981, p208. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

11- \u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0633\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 1978\u0645\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635144.<\/span><\/p>\n

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12- \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0632\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (246)\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u063556.<\/span><\/p>\n

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13- \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (153)\u060c 1994\u0645\u060c \u0635165.<\/span><\/p>\n

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14- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u063561.<\/span><\/p>\n

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15- \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/span>– Nietzsche, F., Beyond Bood and Evil, penguin Book N.Y. 1973, P71, 142<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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16- <\/span>Ibid., P37<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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17-<\/span> Nietzsche, the Gay science, trans.by Walter Kaufmann, vintage Books, 1974, P355<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

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18- <\/span>Barker, R. Jihad vs. Mc. World, The Atlantic, 1992, p169<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

19-<\/span> Huntington, Samuel, The Change to change, in comparative politics, ed. By Roy, c., Macridis, B.E. Brown, The Dorsey press, Illinois, 2972, p411-413<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

20<\/span><\/span>–<\/span> Giddens, A., the consequences of Modernity, Stanford Univ. Press, 1990, p6<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

21- \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (124)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u063533.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

22- \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0646\u062c\u060c \u062a. \u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 (287)\u060c 2001\u0645\u060c \u0635151.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

23- \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Anderson, B., Imagined Communities, London, verso, 1983<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

24<\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span> Smith, A. Towards A global Culture? In Global culture Nationalism, London, Sage, (1990) p192<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

25- \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0630\u0628\u060c \u0635142.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

26<\/span><\/span>– <\/span>Nietzsche, Beyond Good And Evil, p173<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

27<\/span>–<\/span> Fukuyama, the End of history, the National interest, summer, 1987, p18<\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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