{"id":5542,"date":"2013-08-23T16:24:29","date_gmt":"2013-08-23T16:24:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mustapha-almoutouakil.ma\/?p=5542"},"modified":"2013-08-23T16:57:26","modified_gmt":"2013-08-23T16:57:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/?p=5542","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 …"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n
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 <\/p>\n

II<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

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<\/h2>\n

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<\/h2>\n

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<\/h2>\n

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<\/h2>\n

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<\/h2>\n

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<\/h2>\n

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<\/h2>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629”\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0631(17) <\/span>Martin Kramer<\/span><\/span><\/span>(2001). \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064f\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0651 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645\u064c \u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u064c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u061b \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0648\u0644 \u2013 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0640\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0645\u0633\u0643\u064a.<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/h2>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0640\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0647: “\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0633<\/span> Campus Watch <\/span><\/span>“\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064f \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u064f\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064f\u0647\u064f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0644\u0632 <\/span>Michael Sells<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 “\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629” (2002\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0629\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f!<\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/h2>\n

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<\/h2>\n

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 <\/p>\n

*******************<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634\u064a<\/span><\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

(*) <\/span><\/b>\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(1) <\/span>Richard Antoun, Muslim Preachers in the Modern World. A Jordanian Case. Princeton University Press, 1989. PP. 26-33.<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 “\u0628\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631”: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/b>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 47\/48\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u0645\u060c \u063535-54.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(2) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0650\u0643 <\/span>Fuck<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u061b \u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0650\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2001\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646: \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0642\u0635\u060c 1982\u0645\u060c \u063541-60.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(3) \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0631\u0643: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1983\u0645\u060c<\/span>Talal Asad (ed.), Anthropology and Colonial Encounter, 1973<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(4) \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646: <\/span>Ludwig Hagemann, Christentum und Islam. Primus Verlag 1999<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0630\u0631\u0646: \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1984<\/span>\u0645<\/span>. \u063577-148\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c1994\u060c \u063517-75. <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(5) \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u064a\u062b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645: \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u0645\u0633\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0633\u060c 2001\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0630\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(6) \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/b> \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064d \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064d \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (26\/27- \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 1995\u0645). \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u062f\u062c\u0633\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0625\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0644\u063a\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(7) \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u064e\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/b>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/b> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a\u064f \u0623\u064f\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 22 \u064823\u060c 1983\u0645).<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(8) \u0625\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0640\u064a\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c 1981\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(9) <\/span>Ernst Gellner. <\/span>Muslim Society, Cambridge Universitys 1981, PP. 149-173<\/span><\/span><\/span>– \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0640\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/b>\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 47\/48\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0635185-228. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u0644\u0646\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 2004\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u0644\u0646\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0637\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 -\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645- \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647: <\/span>Postmodernism, Reason and Religion (1992).<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0646\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1992\u0645: <\/span>Transition to Modernity. Essays on Power,Wealth and Belief. <\/span>Ed. J.Hall and I.C. Jarvie. Cambridge. Univ Press 1992.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(10) \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a \u063a\u0644\u0646\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a. 1997\u0645\u060c <\/span>Gilsenan, Recognizing Islam. Croom Helm 1982.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(11) <\/span>Talal Asad, The Idea of Anthropology of Islam. <\/span>Occasional Papers. Georgetown. 1986.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(12) \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627 (1968\u0645). \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1993\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647: <\/span>The Interpretation of Cultures. <\/span>Basic Books 1973. <\/span>PP. 87-125.<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0641\u064a: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/b>\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f50\/51\u060c 2001\u0645\u060c \u0635289-294.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(13) \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06355-8.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(14) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0639\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064c \u0641\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646 (1980\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (1987\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0640\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 (1986\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (1989). \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0640\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0632) \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/b>\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f2\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1989\u0645\u060c \u0635211-217.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(15) \u0643\u0627\u0646 <\/span>M. Weber<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629\u061b \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0631: \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064c \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629\u064c \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631.\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631. \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0629 1990\u0645\u061b \u0635201-267\u061b <\/span>W.Schluchter, \u201c Hindrances to Modernity: Max Weber on Islam\u201d. in Max Weber and Islam (ed. <\/span>T. Huff, W. Schluchter). 1999. PP. 53-138.<\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635247-272.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

(16) \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0651\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a: \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0632\u0643\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f (\u0641\u064a: \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0643\u0627\u063a\u0648)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a: \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631\u062a (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0631<\/span>F. Donner<\/span><\/span><\/span>(\u0642\u064e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c 1998\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a <\/span>H. Motzki<\/span><\/span><\/span> (\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c 1991\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a (\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631) (\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c 2000\u0645) \u2013 \u0648\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628.<\/span><\/p>\n

(17) \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u0645 1998\u0645) \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u064c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

************************<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/h1>\n

23 \u063a\u0634\u062a 2013<\/h1>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0631\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d 23 \u063a\u0634\u062a 2013 I \u00a0\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0646: Richard Antoun\u0625\u0646\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644(1): \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064f\u0648\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642 …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5550,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"post_format":[],"flags":[],"class_list":["post-5542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-18"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5542","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5542"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5542\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5542"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5542"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5542"},{"taxonomy":"post_format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fpost_format&post=5542"},{"taxonomy":"flags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fflags&post=5542"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}