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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n[1] Mariam Rovsing Olsen- Chants et danses de l\u2019Atlas(Maroc)- CITE DE LA MUSIQUE \/ ACTES SUD – Mai 1997- P :81-82.
[2] Mohamed Berdouzi \u2013 Structures du Maroc pr\u00e9colonial : Critique de Robert Montagne- Editions La crois\u00e9e des chemins Casablanca- conseil national des droits de l\u2019homme  2012  – P: 66.  
[3] Jacques Berque – V\u00e9rit\u00e9 et po\u00e9sie sur les Seksawa – Revue Africaine, 97 \u2013 1953 – PP : 131-164.
[4] https:\/\/ich.unesco.org\/ar\/USL\/-01256?USL=01256.
[5] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 – \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c  \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a  \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629  \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u060c \u0637 1\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635 25-29.
[6] -Jacques Berque – Les structures sociales du Haut -Atlas –  collection sociologie d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui Presse Universitaires de France Paris \u2013 3\u00e8me \u00e9dition 1978- P : 4 .
[7] \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0634: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0633: \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0643\u0627\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0637 1\u060c 1996 \u0635124.
[8] Robert Montagne \u00ab les Berb\u00e8res et la Makhzen dans le sud du Maroc \u00bb  collection Archives – P :190.
[9] \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u060c \u062c 6\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 312.
[10] \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0635 311 \u0648312.
[11] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a  \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c \u0637 1\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635: 104.
[12] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064a (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645)\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u062f\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0648\u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629: \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 1\u060c 1988\u060c \u0635: 59.
[13] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631:1280\/1863-1290\/1873- \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621: \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 5 \u2013 1998 \u2013 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u0635: 82.
[14] Jacques Berque – Les structures sociales du Haut -Atlas \u2013 op . cit -P:410.
[15] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635:105.
[16] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635:105.
[17] \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628  \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631- \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u2013 \u0635 311 \u0648312.
[18] \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646(\u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c) \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u2013 \u0635:28-29.
[19] \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c 7 -“\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629” \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u2013\u0635 188.).
[20] \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a- \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u062c 3- \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642: \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064a- \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621 1997- \u0635: 36.
[21] \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a \u2013 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u2013 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u2013 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 130 .
[22] Bernard  Rosenberger- Le Maroc au XVIe si\u00e8cle au seuil de la modernit\u00e9\u0301-Fondation des trois cultures, impr. 2008- PP :213-231. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0639 \u0646\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/ma3lama.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/a><\/blockquote>