{"id":44195,"date":"2021-01-23T13:10:20","date_gmt":"2021-01-23T13:10:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nachrat.com\/?p=44195"},"modified":"2021-01-23T13:17:27","modified_gmt":"2021-01-23T13:17:27","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%ab%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nachrat.ma\/?p=44195","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 Postmodernism \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 : \u062f. \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u0651\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Owaid50@maktoob.com<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>By mary klages<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From Continuum Press, January 2007<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629, \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d, \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 , \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 , \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 , \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627&#8230;\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627, \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629, \u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u061f, \u0623\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u061f, \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629, \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629, \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 :<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 , \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645, \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628, \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d, \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a )\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u061f , \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u061f , \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u061f . \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0647&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \/ 1910- 1930 \/ \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627, \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \ud83d\ude41&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Woolf, Joyce, Eliot, Pound, Stevens, Proust, Mallarme, Kafka, Rilke<\/strong><strong>), \u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641 &nbsp;\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u061f, \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u061f .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a :<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a , \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;1= \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 ( \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 ) , \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 , \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;2= \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621, \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;3= \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 , \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;4=&nbsp; \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644, \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629,&nbsp; \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;5= \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;6= \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639, \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0641\u0629, \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;7= \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 )&nbsp; \u0648( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 , \u0641\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a&nbsp; \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c, \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0626\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 .\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646 , \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062c , \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0643\u0645,\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u062d, \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648 ( \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ), \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 &nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 ), \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636, \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0636\u064a \u0623\u0648 ( \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 ), \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 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\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 , \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b <\/strong><strong>Frederic Jameson<\/strong><strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627&nbsp; \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp; \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629&nbsp; .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 :<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 , \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 ( \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 ) . \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635, \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 :<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a, \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 :<\/em> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646, \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a ( \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0636\u0627\u0639\u064a ), \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a, \u0648 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 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\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629, \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062e \u0644\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631, \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646&nbsp; 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1= \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a , \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 , \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a, \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0627, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2= \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 , \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645&nbsp; \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0642\u062f \u064e\u062b\u064e\u0628\u064f\u062a\u064e \u0643\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0643\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 3= \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0648\u0647\u0648 ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4= \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0650\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 ( \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 ) \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 5= \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645, ( \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 ) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644, \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a ) \u0648\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 6= \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629, , \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f&nbsp; \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 7= \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a , \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644, \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644, \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8= \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f, \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a , \u0648\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629, \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644, \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 9= \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 , \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 , \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627, \u0648\u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627, \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629, \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 , \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0629&nbsp; \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645, \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649, \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629, \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 , \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0627, ( \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645, \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 ( \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 ) \u0648 ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 ) , \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 ( \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 ), \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 , \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627&nbsp; \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 ), \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a , \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 )&nbsp; \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 &#8211; \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 , \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \/ \u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 . \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u062d \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631, \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 : (&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Francois Lyotard<\/strong><strong> ) \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a , \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 ( \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u062f\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0645 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 , \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647\u0627 (<\/strong><strong>Lyotard<\/strong><strong> ) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a&nbsp; \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a (&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>grand narrative<\/strong><strong> ) \u0623\u0648 (<\/strong><strong>master narratives<\/strong><strong> ) \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0640 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 ) , \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0640 ( \u0627\u0644\u0622\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 )&nbsp; 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\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627, \u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 ( \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 ) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 (&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>Lyotard<\/strong><strong> ) , \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 ) \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627, \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 ( \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 . 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\u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629, \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f.\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u064a\u062f <strong>\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Owaid50@maktoob.com By mary klages &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;From Continuum Press, January 2007 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 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